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021 06 01 00 Pneumatic/bleed-air supply
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
021 06 01 01 Piston-engine air supply
(01) “Describe the following means of supplying air for the pneumatic systems for piston-engine aircraft:
— compressor;
— vacuum pump.”
(02) “State that an air supply is required for the following systems:
— instrumentation;
— heating;
— de-icing.”
021 06 01 02 Gas turbine engine: bleed-air supply
(01) “State that the possible bleed-air sources for gas turbine engine aircraft are the following:
— engine;
— auxiliary power unit (APU);
— ground supply.”
(02) “State that for an aeroplane a bleed-air supply can be used for the following systems or components:
— ice protection;
— engine air starter;
— pressurisation of a hydraulic reservoir;
— air-driven hydraulic pumps;
— pressurisation and air conditioning.”
(03) “State that for a helicopter a bleed-air supply can be used for the following systems or components:
— anti-icing;”
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
“— engine air starter;
— pressurisation of a hydraulic reservoir.”
(04) “State that the bleed-air supply system can comprise the following:
— pneumatic ducts;
— isolation valve;
— pressure-regulating valve;
— engine bleed valve (HP/IP valves);
— fan-air pre-cooler;
— temperature and pressure sensors.”
(05) Interpret a basic pneumatic system schematic to the level of detail as found in an FCOM.
(06) Describe the cockpit indications for bleed-air systems.
(07) Explain how the bleed-air supply system is controlled and monitored.
(08) “State the following bleed-air malfunctions:
— over-temperature;
— over-pressure;
— low pressure;
— overheat/duct leak;
and describe the potential consequences.”
021 06 02 00 Helicopter: air-conditioning systems
021 06 02 01 Types, system components, design, operation, degraded modes of operation, indications and warnings
(01) Describe the purpose of an air-conditioning system.
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
(02) Explain how an air-conditioning system is controlled.
(03) Describe the vapour cycle air-conditioning system including system components, design, operation, degraded modes of operation and system malfunction indications.
(04) “Identify the following components from a diagram of an air- conditioning system and describe the operating principle and function:
— air-cycle machine (pack, bootstrap system);
— pack-cooling fan;
— water separator;
— mixing valves;
— flow-control valves;
— isolation valves;
— recirculation fans;
— filters for recirculation;
— temperature sensors.”
(05) List and describe the controls, indications and warnings related to an air-conditioning system.
021 06 03 00 Aeroplane: pressurisation and air-conditioning system
021 06 03 01 System components, design, operation, degraded modes of operation, indications and warnings
(01) “Explain that a pressurisation and an air-conditioning system of an aeroplane controls:
— ventilation;
— temperature;
— pressure.”
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
(02) Explain how humidity is controlled.
(03) “Explain that the following components constitute a pressurisation system:
— pneumatic system as the power source;
— outflow valve;
— outflow valve actuator;
— pressure controller;
— excessive differential pressure-relief valve;
— negative differential pressure-relief valve.”
(04) “Explain that the following components constitute an air-conditioning system and describe their operating principles and function:
— air-cycle machine (pack, bootstrap system);
— pack-cooling fan;
— water separator;
— mixing valves;
— flow-control valves (outflow valve);
— isolation valves;
— ram-air valve;
— recirculation fans;
— filters for recirculated air;
— temperature sensors.
Remark: The bootstrap system is the only air-conditioning system considered for Part-FCL aeroplane examinations.”
(05) Describe the use of hot trim air.
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
(06) “Define the following terms:
— cabin altitude;
— cabin vertical speed;
— differential pressure;
— ground pressurisation.”
(07) Describe the operating principle of a pressurisation system.
(08) Describe the emergency operation by manual setting of the outflow valve position.
(09) Describe the working principle of an electronic cabin-pressure controller.
(10) State how the maximum operating altitude is determined.
(11) “Explain:
— why the maximum allowed value of cabin altitude is limited;
— a typical value of maximum differential pressure for large transport aeroplanes;
— the relation between cabin altitude, the maximum differential pressure and maximum aeroplane operating altitude.”
(12) Explain the typical warning on a transport category aircraft when cabin altitude exceeds 10 000 ft.
(13) List and interpret typical indications of the pressurisation system.
(14) Describe the main operational differences between a bleed-air- driven air-conditioning system and an electrically driven air- conditioning system as found on aircraft without engine bleed-air system.