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022 03 01 00 Earth’s magnetic field
022 03 01 01 Magnetic field, variation, dip
(01) Describe the magnetic field of the Earth.
(02) X Explain the properties of a magnet.
(03) “Define the following terms:
— magnetic variation;
— magnetic dip (inclination).”
(04) Describe that a magnetic compass will align itself to both the horizontal (azimuth) and vertical (dip) components of the Earth’s magnetic field, thus will not function in the vicinity of the magnetic poles.
(05) “Demonstrate the use of variation values (given as East/West (E/W) or +/–) to calculate:
— true heading to magnetic heading;
— magnetic heading to true heading.”
022 03 02 00 Aircraft magnetic field
022 03 02 01 Permanent magnetism, electromagnetism, deviation
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
(01) X “Explain the following differences between permanent magnetism and electromagnetism:
— when they are present;
— what affects their magnitude.”
(02) X “Explain the principles of and the reasons for:
— compass swinging (determination of initial deviations);
— compass compensation (correction of deviations found);
— compass calibration (determination of residual deviations).”
(03) Explain how permanent magnetism within the aircraft structure and electromagnetism from the aircraft systems affect the accuracy of a compass.
(04) Describe the purpose and the use of a deviation correction card.
(05) “Demonstrate the use of deviation values (either given as E/W or +/–) from a compass deviation card to calculate:
— compass heading to magnetic heading;
— magnetic heading to compass heading.”
022 03 03 00 Direct-reading magnetic compass
022 03 03 01 Purpose, errors, timed turns, serviceability
(01) Explain the purpose of a direct-reading magnetic compass.
(02) Describe how the direct-reading magnetic compass will
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
“only show correct indications during straight, level and unaccelerated flight, and that an error will occur during the following flight manoeuvres (no numerical examples):
— acceleration and deceleration;
— turning;
— during pitch-up or pitch-down manoeuvres.”
(03) Explain how the use of timed turns eliminates the problem of the turning errors of a direct-reading magnetic compass, and calculate the duration of a rate-1 turn for a given change of heading.
(04) “Describe the serviceability check for a direct-reading magnetic compass prior to flight, such as:
— the physical appearance of the device;
— comparing the indication to another known direction such as a different compass or runway direction.”
022 03 04 00 Flux valve
022 03 04 01 Purpose, operating principle, location, errors
(01) Explain the purpose of a flux valve.
(02) X Explain its operating principle.
(03) Indicate typical locations of the flux valve(s).
(04) Give the remote-reading compass system as example of application for a flux valve.
(05) Explain that deviation is compensated for and, therefore, eliminates the need for a deviation
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
correction card.
(06) Explain that a flux valve does not suffer from the same magnitude of errors as a direct-reading magnetic compass when turning, accelerating or decelerating and during pitch-up or pitch-down manoeuvres.