Last Updated on 4 years by teboo
022 11 01 00 Design
022 11 01 01 Purpose, architecture, failures, functions
(01) Explain the purpose of an FMS.
(02) “Describe a typical dual FMS architecture including the following components:
— flight management computer (FMC);
— CDU/MCDU;
— cross-talk bus.”
(03) “Describe the following failures of a dual FMS architecture and explain the potential implications to the pilots:
— failure of one FMC;”
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
“— failure of one CDU/MCDU;
— failure of the cross-talk bus.”
(04) Describe how the FMS integrates with other systems and gathers data in order to provide outputs depending on its level of complexity.
(05) “Explain how the FMS may provide the following functions:
— navigation;
— lateral and vertical flight planning;
— performance parameters.”
022 11 02 00 FMC databases
022 11 02 01 Navigation database
(01) Explain the purpose of, and describe typical content of, the navigation database.
(02) Describe the 28-day aeronautical information regulation and control (AIRAC) update cycle of the navigation database and explain the reason for having two navigation databases (one active, one standby) and the implication this has to the pilot.
(03) “Explain the purpose of typical user-defined waypoints such as:
— latitude/longitude coordinates;
— place/bearing/distance (PBD);
— place/bearing place/bearing (PBX);
— place/distance (PD).”
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
(04) Explain that the pilot cannot change or overwrite any of the data in the navigation database and that any user- defined waypoints, routes and inputted data will be erased when a different database is activated.
(05) Explain the threats and implications to the pilot of changing the database by error either on the ground or while flying.
022 11 02 02 Aircraft performance database
(01) Explain the purpose of, and describe the typical content of, the aircraft performance database.
(02) Explain the importance of verifying that the aircraft performance database is based on the correct data, such as engine type and aircraft variant.
(03) Explain that the contents of the aircraft performance database cannot be modified by the pilot.
(04) Explain the purpose of performance factor and how it influences the calculations.
(05) Explain the purpose of cost index (CI) and how it influences the calculations.
022 11 03 00 Operations, limitations
022 11 03 01 Data, calculations, position inputs, raw data
(01) “Describe typical data that may be provided by the FMS:
— lateral and vertical navigation guidance;
— present position;
— time predictions;”
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
“— fuel predictions;
— altitude/flight level predictions.”
(02) Explain how the FMS will use a combination of inputted/database and measured data in order to calculate projections and provide output data.
(03) Explain the issues and threats using inputted/database data and give examples of consequences of inputting data incorrectly/using incorrect data.
(04) Describe fuel consumption calculations during standard operations and explain typical data that will have an influence on the accuracy of the calculations.
(05) Explain the implications on the accuracy of the calculations during flight in abnormal configurations (such as engine out, gear down, flaps extended, spoilers extended, etc.) if the FMS is unable to detect the failure.
(06) Describe and explain the purpose of an FMS having dedicated radio-navigation receivers that it will tune automatically.
(07) “Explain typical position inputs to an FMS:
— GPS;
— IRS;
— DME;
— VOR;
— LOC;
— runway threshold (RWY THR).”
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
(08) “Explain how the FMS will create its own FMS position fix and that the FMS calculations will be based on the FMS position. Depending on the type of system, the FMS position may be calculated from:
— a single source of position data where the most accurate data available at a given time will be used;
— multiple sources from which a position will be derived using the combined inputs.”
(09) Explain the implications of a reduction in available position inputs to the FMS, especially GPS in relation to the capability of performing RNP/PBN approaches.
(10) Explain the difference between following the FMS data compared to following raw data from radio-navigation receivers and describe how there may be limitations for using FMS data as primary source to follow an instrument approach procedure (IAP) such as LOC, VOR or NDB.
022 11 04 00 Human–machine interface (control display unit (CDU)/ multipurpose control display unit (MCDU))
022 11 04 01 Purpose, scratchpad, data input, set-up process
(01) Describe the purpose of a CDU/MCDU.
(02) “Describe the typical layout of a CDU/MCDU and the general purpose of the following:
— screen;
— line select keys;
— menu select keys;”
Syllabus reference BK Syllabus details and associated Learning Objectives
— alphanumerical keys.
(03) Explain the function of the ‘scratchpad’ part of the screen.
(04) “Describe how input of some data is compulsory for the function of the FMS and other data is optional, and that different symbology is used to highlight this:
— rectangular boxes = compulsory information;
— dashed line = optional information.”
(05) “Describe a typical FMS pre-flight set-up process through the CDU/MCDU to cover the most basic information (with the aim to create awareness of required information as this is irrespective of aircraft type and FMS/FMGS make):
— ident page (who am I = aircraft type/variant, engine type/rating and appropriate navigation database);
— position initialisation (where am I = position for aligning the IRS and FMS position);
— route initialisation (where am I going to = place of departure/destination and alternate(s));
— route programming (how will I get there = SIDs, STARS, route (company or otherwise));
— performance initialisation (when will I arrive = weights, flap setting, FLEX/assumed temperature/derate, take-off speeds).”