Last Updated on 4 years by teboo
081 05 01 00 General
081 05 01 01 Basics — The three planes and three axes
— lateral axis;
— longitudinal axis;
— normal axis. (02) X Define:
— pitch angle;
— bank angle (Ø);
— yaw angle. (03) Describe the motion about the three axes. (04) Name and describe the devices that control these motions.
081 05 01 02 Camber change
(01) State that camber is changed by movement of a control surface and explain the effect.081 05 01 03 Angle-of-attack (α) change
(01) X Explain the influence of local α change by movement of a control surface.081 05 02 00 Pitch (longitudinal) control
081 05 02 01 Elevator/all-flying tails
081 05 02 02 Downwash effects
(01) Explain the effect of downwash on the tailplane α. (02) Explain in this context the use of a T-tail or stabiliser trim.081 05 02 03 Intentionally left blank
081 05 02 04 Location of centre of gravity (CG)
081 05 02 05 Moments due to engine thrust
(01) Describe the effect of engine thrust on pitching moments for different engine locations.081 05 03 00 Yaw (directional) control
081 05 03 01 The rudder
State the relationship between rudder deflection and the moment about the normal axis.
Describe the effect of sideslip on the moment about the normal axis.
081 05 03 02 Rudder limiting
(01) Explain why and how rudder deflection is limited on CAT aeroplanes.081 05 04 00 Roll (lateral) control
081 05 04 01 Ailerons
(Refer to Subjects 081 05 04 04 and 081 06 01 02) (03) Explain why some aeroplanes have inboard and outboard ailerons. (04) State that the outboard ailerons are locked beyond a given speed to prevent:
— over-control;
— exceeding structural limitations;
— aeroelastic phenomena (flutter, divergence and aileron reversal). (05) Describe the use of aileron deflection in normal flight, flight with sideslip, crosswind landings, horizontal turns, flight with one-engine-inoperative. (06) X Define ‘roll rate’. (07) X List the factors that affect roll rate. (08) Describe flaperons and aileron droop.
081 05 04 02 Intentionally left blank
081 05 04 03 Spoilers
081 05 04 04 Adverse yaw
(01) Explain why the use of ailerons induces adverse yaw.081 05 04 05 Means to avoid adverse yaw
(01) Explain how the following reduce adverse yaw:— Frise ailerons;
— differential aileron deflection;
— rudder aileron cross-coupling;
— roll spoilers.
081 05 05 00 Roll/yaw interaction
081 05 05 01 Explain roll/yaw interaction
(01) Explain the secondary effect of roll. (02) Explain the secondary effect of yaw.081 05 06 00 Means to reduce control forces
081 05 06 01 Aerodynamic balance
— balance tab;
— anti-balance tab;
— spring tab;
— servo tab.
081 05 06 02 Artificial means
(01) State the differences between fully powered controls and power-assisted controls. (02) Describe power-assisted controls. (03) Describe the advantages of artificial feel in fully powered control.081 05 07 00 Intentionally left blank
081 05 08 00 Trimming
081 05 08 01 Reasons to trim
081 05 08 02 Trim tabs
(01) Describe the working principle of a trim tab including cockpit indications.081 05 08 03 Stabiliser trim
(01) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a stabiliser trim compared to a trim tab. (02) Explain elevator deflection when the aeroplane is trimmed in the case of fully powered and power-assisted pitch controls. (03) Explain the relationship between CG position, take-off trim setting, and stabiliser trim position. (04) Explain the effect of errors in the take-off stabiliser trim setting on the rotation characteristics and stick force during take-off rotation. (05) Discuss the effects of jammed and runaway stabiliser. (06) Explain the consequences of a jammed stabiliser during take- off, landing, and go-around.